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Professional advisors like to reduce to the minimum any risks that you might run by using a vehicle such as a scooter – you may feel it is appropriate for you to have one buy caverta 100mg with mastercard erectile dysfunction grand rapids mi, but they may feel that you are only just able to control it order caverta 100mg without prescription erectile dysfunction treatment after surgery. This view frustrates people with MS who sometimes feel their capacities are greater than those estimated by their professional advisor. Negotiating between wheelchair and chair When your leg muscles are weak, and the neurological control of them is very damaged, moving from a seated to an upright position is often very difficult. You may well need some professional advice and demonstration as to how best to accomplish this – possibly with aids, or someone who can help. As a general rule be sure you have any walking aid that you regularly use nearby, wear shoes, and always stand on a non-slip surface. The usual procedure to get up is to put your feet slightly apart and flat on the floor, and then to pull them back a little towards the chair. Place both hands on the chair arms, and then ease yourself forward so that your bottom is near the front of the chair. You should then push down on your hands and heels, and straighten your hips and knees. When you move from a standing to a sitting position, the procedure is rather simpler, and involves turning round, so that you can feel the chair with the back of your legs. Of course, if you are getting in and out of a wheelchair, ensure that the chair is stable and that the wheelchair brakes are on! There are inflatable and portable cushions to help you rise from a chair, and there are also a number of mechanical aids, usually incorporated into the chairs themselves, that hydraulically assist the actions of sitting and standing – although these can be expensive. Bathroom aids Baths and showers Ensure that getting in and out of the bath is as safe and easy as possible and that, when you are in the bath, you can relax without worrying. Working out how to clean yourself properly is often a relatively minor problem compared to getting in and out of the bath! The siting of these is very important – consult your occupational therapist or other skilled person, to make sure that they can really help you. With a hand-held, temperature-controlled shower attachment, you should have a reasonably enjoyable experience, even if it isn’t quite the same for some people as a bath! Toilet aids Toiletting aids are important for, traditionally in our society, going to the toilet yourself is an indication of independence. Continuing to go to the toilet completely by yourself for as long as possible is an issue that many people feel strongly about, even between partners who have known each other for many years. Although having other people to assist you is a problem for both sexes, many men in particular are not so used to helping others with such issues on an everyday basis, such as young children or older parents, or indeed their partners. For men, one of the first things that you could do, if you have difficulties in controlling finger movement, is to readjust your type of clothing, to enable you to urinate from a standing position, or to take off or loosen your trousers and underwear. Buttons on trousers are not often not easy to manage, so a zip is usually slightly more user friendly; if zips are difficult to operate, Velcro fastenings will still look good and fasten well; they can be used on underwear as well. If you have limited movement, or are a bit unsteady, you will need to be very careful in lowering yourself on to the toilet. You need to check where your arms and feet are, and stand directly in front of the seat, then bend your knees until you can touch the sides of the seat with your hands, and lower yourself down slowly. Check that the toilet seat is secure before embarking on lowering or raising yourself! As far as the toilet itself is concerned, there are a range of adaptations which may be of help: • Grab bars can be placed on adjacent walls if they are near enough. The number of different adaptations in this area is increasing rapidly, so consult your occupational therapist, and look at other sources of information about such products. One of the most trying problems for people with MS is using toilet paper, for the manoeuvre involves considerable movement and dexterity. You might find a wet cloth more useful than toilet paper, or you might consider using a squeezy bottle full of (warm! A bidet might be easier, although this may well not fit into your toilet area, can be rather expensive to install, and would need fitting to your water supply. Recently a portable toilet/bidet has been launched that might help people who are worried about travelling and having to deal with conventional, and therefore problematic, toilets elsewhere. You may find a toilet that automatically washes and dries you where you are – this is the kind of development that could help many people with MS considerably. Finally, when you are out and about, you can obtain a special key from RADAR for public toilets for disabled people.

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The trunk is exceptionally thin (frailty generic caverta 50mg with visa erectile dysfunction young causes, weakness) and has no en- closure (immaturity; regressed buy caverta 50mg line erectile dysfunction age graph, disorganized) with pinpoints for nipples. The female figure (Jeana) was drawn with the head first (in contrast to the male), an elongated neck (problem with anger management or primi- tive drives), broad shoulders (confusion of physical power and maternal symbol), and hair excitement or chaos (infantile sexual drives). The nipples (infantile nurturance needs) are more pronounced than on the former drawing. In the patient’s story he described Matt as a hardware store manager who fishes with his friends for leisure, whereas Jeana is a cocktail waitress and very social at work. Matt be- comes angry when he is not being listened to, and he wants to be a produc- tive member of society. The patient finished the story by saying that Matt and Jeana have not yet met but that when they do they may get married. From a structural perspective the patient, while reserved, exhibits a nar- cissistic quality, with anxiety and concern focused on the opposite sex and sexual satisfaction. It is difficult to ascertain whether the female is a pro- jection of his mother or his girlfriend, or an amalgamation of the two. However, it seems likely that the female represents the patient’s symbiotic relationship with his mother, as this relationship has impinged upon any intimate adultlike instincts. From a formal aspect the male has an abundance of ideas that point to- ward frustrated virility strivings and significant conflicts in his personal re- lationships. In contrast, the female stands on firm footing, yet problems with anger management emerge. In addition, the drawing’s representation of reinforced nipples expresses infantile nurturance needs. Once again, whether this is a sign of the patient’s needs, the mother’s, or a combination of the two is not evident. In the postdrawing inquiry, the patient verbalized a combination of the structural and formal aspects. Jeana, though displaying appropriate social skills in public, prefers to have only a few close friends and becomes "angry when she has to rush around" (problem with anger management). Matt feels neglected and ignored and desires "to be a productive member of so- ciety" (immobility). To complete the story the patient has Jeana and Matt not merely meeting but possibly marrying. Therefore, requiring punishment for his guilty thoughts, he has been symbolically castrated (concerns of masculinity), which is evidenced in his reinforcement and shading on the male figure from the palm of the hand to the crossed-out genitalia. In ad- dition, this narcissism has not found outward expression, and he has found himself overwhelmingly frustrated when seeking mature sexual relation- ships and adult responsibilities. Overall, psychotic processing difficulties were not evident; instead, infantile nurturance needs emerged. The prognosis for this patient at the present time is good if he can re- ceive individual counseling, group therapy, independent living skills train- ing, and anger management or stress management classes. However, a re- turn to his maternal home, instead of placement in the community at an adult group home, is not recommended—for obvious reasons. House-Tree-Person (HTP) The HTP art assessment was introduced by John Buck in the late 1940s and was "designed to aid the clinician in obtaining information concern- ing an individual’s sensitivity, maturity, efficiency, degree of personality in- tegration, and interaction with the environment, specifically and gener- ally" (Buck, 1966, p. The structural elements of DAP interpretation explained in the DAP section and Appendix A remain the same in the HTP. The HTP’s formal details offer a degree of breadth to the art projective test that also encompasses the individual’s re- lation to the environment. The elements that Buck has added (house and tree) "are believed to represent the subject’s awareness of and interest in the elemental aspects of everyday life" (Buck, 1948, p. If we hearken back to the cognitive theory of Piaget, the child gains an increased inter- est in his environment with each passing day until, in the 9th year (con- crete operations), he or she looks within a larger system—the system of de- ductive thought. It is this deductive thought that allows the child to examine rules for all their details—the rules of space, time, proportion, and size. Consequently, in the interpretation of the HTP the therapist must as- sess all of the drawing’s interrelated parts for their relationship to one an- other as well as the degree of essential detailing. By applying developmen- tal theory to the assessment process a clinician therefore gains a glimpse into the intelligence of any given client.